![]() Following the Foster taxonomy of Open Science, mapping in this study covered research related to key elements of Open Science (Open Data, Open Access, and Open Source) which also guided our search strategies. However, Open Science as a movement of new research practices enabled by means of technical innovations on the Internet, has been discussed for over twenty years ( Bartling & Friesike, 2014). Research on Open Science and its concrete concept varies, and the term “Open Science” is not new. Our aim was to identify all empirical studies concerned with Open Science or any of its key elements, to be used as a basis for deeper investigations. We designed the study as a mapping review. librarians, Open Science officers at universities, funding bodies) can use the data as a source of information on Open Science studies. Second, the data can be used as an annotated literature corpus that allows for a curated introduction in literature on Open Science. The collected data serves three purposes, among others: First, other researchers in the field of Open Science may use the data for further in-depth analysis and synthesize data in a systematic review or any other format synthesizing research. Therefore, a complementary overview of existing studies will allow us to identify which user groups are less covered in the current research landscape.Įmpirical studies were collected following a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) workflow and then annotated along five categories. For instance, numerous empirical survey-based studies have asked similar questions, but often to different groups of respondents. Empirical studies capture diverse aspects of Open Science: among others, different disciplines, practitioner groups, geographical scopes and user groups are investigated. With this approach, we intend to clarify the current understanding of Open Science. To get a better understanding of Open Science research and investigate aspects of Open Science, we are providing an openly accessible overview of peer-reviewed empirical studies that focus on the attitudes, assessments, and practices of Open Science among individuals, communities, and organizations. This makes it difficult to integrate and compare results and get deeper insights on how Open Science and related practices evolved in science, or if the Open Science movement has any impact on research practices ( Christensen et al., 2020). Yet, research that investigates engagement in Open Science varies widely in the topics addressed, methods employed, and disciplines investigated. Findings from bibliometric studies indicate that research dealing with Open Science as a phenomenon either by exploring its concepts, by assessing Open Science initiatives both at the national or international level or by exploring Open Science research practices ( Levin et al., 2016) have increased ( Blümel & Beng, 2018). The Open Science communities have made attempts to define key elements of Open Science - which are also referred to as the pillars of Open Science, that is, open access to publications, open data and open source (FOSTER Taxonomy of Open Science 1). Different initiatives are subsumed under the label of Open Science, coming from different communities which share the goal of making sciences more open and transparent. Open Science is still only vaguely defined. The data set was collaboratively annotated to ensure intercoder reliability of the coded data. Studies that did not investigate any aspect of Open Science, or weren’t peer-reviewed were excluded, resulting in a total of 695 remaining studies. We included studies from the Scopus and Web of Science databases with keywords relating to Open Science between the years 20, as well as a snowball search for relevant articles. In this paper, we describe a data set of studies about Open Science practices retrieved following a PRISMA approach to compile a literature review. To investigate current outcomes of Open Science research, and to get a better understanding on well-researched topics and research gaps, we aimed at providing an openly accessible overview of empirical studies that focus on different aspects of Open Science in different scientific disciplines, academic groups and geographical regions. Research that investigates respective researchers’ engagement in Open Science varies widely in the topics addressed, methods employed, and disciplines investigated, which makes it difficult to integrate and compare its results.
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